Vaccinia Virus Cantagalo Strain, Brazil | CDC EID

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Volume 17, Number 4–April 2011
Dispatch
Animal Movement and Establishment of Vaccinia Virus Cantagalo Strain in Amazon Biome, Brazil
Jociane Cristina Quixabeira-Santos, Maria Luiza G. Medaglia, Caroline A. Pescador, and Clarissa R. Damaso

Author affiliations: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (J. Quixabeira-Santos, M.L.G. Medaglia, C.R. Damaso); Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil (J. Quixabeira-Santos, C.A. Pescador); and Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá (J. Quixabeira-Santos)


Suggested citation for this article

Abstract
To understand the emergence of vaccinia virus Cantagalo strain in the Amazon biome of Brazil, during 2008–2010 we conducted a molecular and epidemiologic survey of poxvirus outbreaks. Data indicate that animal movement was the major cause of virus dissemination within Rondônia State, leading to the establishment and spread of this pathogen.

Outbreaks of vaccinia virus (VACV) infection in dairy cows and dairy workers have been frequently reported in Brazil during the past decade, mainly within the southeastern region (1–6), except for central Goiás (2) and Tocantins State in the northeastern boundary of the Brazilian Amazon biome (Figure 1) (7). VACV Cantagalo strain (CTGV) was first detected in 1999 and associated with several outbreaks (1,5,7). Related strains have been reported in subsequent outbreaks (2–4,6).

Mato Grosso State is partially inserted into the southeastern Amazon biome (Figure 1) and has the largest cattle population of Brazil, ≈26 million (8). It is the main connection with the Amazon states, especially with Rondônia. Rondônia has nearly 11.2 million cattle and is the largest milk producer in the region, yielding >720 million liters/year (8). Therefore, intense livestock trade occurs through the so-called Amazon Gate of Mato Grosso and Rondônia. Both states had previously been considered poxvirus disease–free.

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Vaccinia Virus Cantagalo Strain, Brazil | CDC EID


Suggested Citation for this Article
Quixabeira-Santos JC, Medaglia MLG, Pescador CA, Damaso CR. Animal movement and establishment of vaccinia virus Cantagalo strain in Amazon biome, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2011 Apr [date cited]. http://www.cdc.gov/EID/content/17/4/726.htm


DOI: 10.3201/eid1704.101581


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Clarissa R. Damaso, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - CCS, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; email: damasoc@biof.ufrj.br