sábado, 8 de noviembre de 2014

Ahead of Print -Gouleako and Herbert Viruses in Pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013 - Volume 20, Number 12—December 2014 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

full-text ►

Ahead of Print -Gouleako and Herbert Viruses in Pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013 - Volume 20, Number 12—December 2014 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC



CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC 24/7: Saving Lives. Protecting People.

World Pneumonia Day



Volume 20, Number 12—December 2014

Research

Gouleako and Herbert Viruses in Pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013

Hee Chun Chung, Van Giap Nguyen, Dane Goede, Chang Hoon Park, A. Reum Kim, Hyoung Joon Moon, Seong Jun Park, Hye Kwon Kim, and Bong Kyun ParkComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (H.C. Chung, C.H. Park, A.R. Kim, B.K. Park)Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam (V.G. Nguyen)University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (D. Goede)Green Cross Veterinary Products, Yongin, Republic of Korea (H.J. Moon);Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (S.J. Park)National Forensic Service, Chilgok, Republic of Korea (S.J. Park)Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon (H.K. Kim)

Abstract

Several viruses in the family Bunyaviridae are pathogenic to animals and cause vector-borne zoonoses. In 2013, investigation of cause of death of 9 pigs on 1 farm in the Republic of Korea found infection with Gouleako and Herbert viruses. Subsequent investigation revealed high prevalence of these viruses among pigs throughout the country.
Several viruses in the family Bunyaviridae, such as severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, sandfly fever Naples virus, and La Crosse virus, cause vector-borne zoonotic problems (17). Recently, outbreaks of severe disease caused by Rift Valley fever virus and Schmallenberg virus produced abortion storms, resulting in a high mortality rate among newborn lambs and calves (4,8). Gouleako virus (GOLV) and Herbert virus (HEBV) have been isolated from mosquitoes (Culex spp.) trapped in Côte d'Ivoire (9,10); however, their infectivity or virulence have not been proven. Investigation of the cause of death of pigs in the Republic of Korea identified GOLV and HEBV infection.

The Study

In March 27, 2013, a piglet, ≈8 weeks of age, on a 150-sow farm in Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea, died after onset of high fever (40°C), wasting, respiratory disease, and diarrhea. The carcass was sent to the Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, for diagnostics. Necropsy and microscopic examinations revealed greenish lung tissue with lymphoid depletion, consistent with severe bronchopneumonia. Despite the presence of multiple clinical signs, the results of routine tests for major pathogens in pigs (e.g., porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., and Salmonella spp.) were negative.
To further explore cause of the death, we used the particle-associated nucleic acid –random PCR method (Technical Appendix[PDF - 1.19 MB - 6 pages]). Sequencing and BLAST analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/Blast.cgi) of the agent-specific amplicon simultaneously detected 2 viruses in lung tissue RNA samples. One partial sequence had 100% identity with 63 nt of the GOLV strain F23/CI/2004 glycoprotein gene (GenBank accession no. FJ765411). Another sequence had 97% similarity with 66 nt of the HEBV strain F23-K4 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene (GenBank accession no. EF423168).
Results were validated with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) (Technical Appendix[PDF - 1.19 MB - 6 pages]). We obtained partial sequences of 235 nt of GOLV and 324 nt of HEBV. These sequences had 97.1% and 96.9% similarity with GOLV and HEBV, respectively, previously isolated from mosquitoes (9,10). The sequences were registered as GenBank accession nos. KF361520 and KF361522 and designated as GOLV/P1 and HEBV/P1, respectively.
During March–May 2013, we received a total of 9 dead pigs from the same farm; they had displayed various clinical signs. We further screened these pigs for the presence of GOLV and HEBV by using the same primer sets (Technical Appendix[PDF - 1.19 MB - 6 pages]) selective for their glycoprotein andRdRp genes, respectively. The results showed that the pigs were infected with GOLV and HEBV at a prevalence of 83.3% and 100%, respectively, mostly in lung samples (Table 1). The sequences obtained from this assay were registered as GenBank accession nos. KF361521 and KF361523 and designated GOLV/P8 and HEBV/P9, respectively.
Because of the high rate of GOLV positivity, we conducted a histopathologic RNA in situ hybridization study (Technical Appendix[PDF - 1.19 MB - 6 pages]). Hybridization signal was positive in lung and lymph node tissues and negative in intestine and control tissues. Hybridization was strong in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells (deep blue color) (Technical Appendix[PDF - 1.19 MB - 6 pages] Figure 1).

Mr Chung is a virologist at the Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea. His research interests include swine virology, transgenic pigs, endogenous retroviruses, viral enteritis of pigs, and viral diseases of animals.

Acknowledgments

We thank Su Hee Yun for expert technical assistance.
This study was supported by a grant (PJ009015) from BioGreen 21 Program, Republic of Korea.

References

  1. Wu YGao GF. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus expands its borders. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2013;2:e36.
  2. Chang MSWoo JHSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: tick-mediated viral disease. J Korean Med Sci2013;28:7956.DOIPubMed
  3. Lambert AJBlair CDD'Anton MEwing WHarborth MSeiferth RLa Crosse virus in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, Texas, USA, 2009. Emerg Infect Dis2010;16:8568DOIPubMed
  4. Coetzer JAThe pathology of Rift Valley fever. II. Lesions occurring in field cases in adult cattle, calves and aborted foetuses. Onderstepoort J Vet Res1982;49:117 .PubMed
  5. Zhioua EMoureau GChelbi INinove LBichaud LDerbali MPunique virus, a novel phlebovirus, related to sandfly fever Naples virus, isolated from sandflies collected in Tunisia. J Gen Virol2010;91:127583DOIPubMed
  6. Hoffmann BScheuch MHöper DJungblut RHolsteg MSchirrmeier HNovel orthobunyavirus in cattle, Europe, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis.2012;18:46972DOIPubMed
  7. Kim KHYi JKim GChoi SJJun KIKim NHSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, South Korea, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis2013;19:18924.DOIPubMed
  8. Bilk SSchulze CFischer MBeer MHlinak AHoffmann BOrgan distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns. Vet Microbiol.2012;159:2368DOIPubMed
  9. Marklewitz MHandrick SGrasse WKurth ALukashev ADrosten CGouleako virus isolated from West African mosquitoes constitutes a proposed novel genus in the family Bunyaviridae. J Virol2011;85:922734DOIPubMed
  10. Marklewitz MZirkel FRwego IBHeidemann HTrippner PKurth ADiscovery of a unique novel clade of mosquito-associated bunyaviruses. J Virol2013;87:1285065 . DOIPubMed

Figures

Tables

Technical Appendix

Suggested citation for this article: Chung HC, Nguyen VG, Goede D, Park CH, Kim AR, Moon HJ, et al. Gouleako and Herbert viruses in pigs, Republic of Korea, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis [Internet]. 2014 Dec [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2012.131742
DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.131742

No hay comentarios:

Publicar un comentario