Joint hypermobility syndrome is a risk factor trait for anxiety disorders: a 15-year follow-up cohort study

Joint hypermobility syndrome is a risk factor trait for anxiety disorders: a 15-year follow-up cohort study

Received 25 January 2011; accepted 7 March 2011. published online 27 April 2011.

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Abstract 

Objective

The objective of the study was to assess whether joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) is a risk factor for developing anxiety disorders using a 15-year prospective cohort study.

Method

The initial cohort recruited 158 subjects aged 16 to 20 years from the general population in a Spanish rural town. The cohort was studied at baseline and at a 15-year follow-up. Joint hypermobility syndrome was assessed using Beighton's criteria, and the psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Disorders. Subjects with anxiety disorders at baseline were excluded from the follow-up.

Results

Joint hypermobility syndrome at baseline was found in 29 of 158 subjects (21.1%). Cumulative incidence of panic/agoraphobia disorder at follow-up, as main diagnosis, was significantly higher for the JHS group (41.4%) than for the control group (1.9%), with a relative risk of 22.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–108.7, P<.0001] (Number Needed to Treat [NNT] 3, 95% CI 2.9–2.3). Incidence of social phobia and simple phobia was also significantly higher for the JHS group [relative risk (RR)=6.52, 95% CI 1.7–24.2, P<.001 and RR=3.31, 95% CI 1.1–9.6, P=.02, respectively]. Moreover, anxiolytic drug use was nearly fourfold higher among JHS compared to non-JHS subjects.

Conclusion

Joint hypermobility syndrome was associated with higher risk of developing anxiety disorders. If replicated, these findings may give enhanced value to JHS assessment in clinical and general population studies.

Keywords: Anxiety disorders, Joint hypermobility, Panic disorder, Social phobia, Epidemiology