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Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru - Vol. 18 No. 5 - May 2012 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC

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Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru - Vol. 18 No. 5 - May 2012 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal - CDC



Volume 18, Number 5—May 2012

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Use of Spatial Information to Predict Multidrug Resistance in Tuberculosis Patients, Peru

Hsien-Ho Lin, Sonya S. Shin, Carmen Contreras, Luis Asencios, Christopher J. Paciorek, and Ted CohenComments to Author
Author affiliations: Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (H.H. Lin, S.S. Shin, T. Cohen); Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (H.H. Lin); National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (H.H. Lin); Partners In Health, Boston (S.S. Shin); Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru (C. Contreras); Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima (L. Asencios); Harvard School of Public Health, Boston (C.J. Paciorek, T. Cohen); University of California, Berkeley, California, USA (C.J. Paciorek)
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Abstract

To determine whether spatiotemporal information could help predict multidrug resistance at the time of tuberculosis diagnosis, we investigated tuberculosis patients who underwent drug susceptibility testing in Lima, Peru, during 2005–2007. We found that crude representation of spatial location at the level of the health center improved prediction of multidrug resistance.
In many locations where risk for tuberculosis (TB) is high, access to drug-susceptibility testing (DST) is limited. The detection of drug resistance in these instances usually requires the use of culture-based DST, but laboratory capacity in these areas is in short supply. As a result, DST is rationed, with patients at highest risk for drug resistance receiving priority. New rapid tests for resistance that circumvent some constraints are being implemented, and universal DST might eventually be available (1); however, most clinicians in high-risk areas will not have access to these tools for at least several years. Accordingly, improved prediction of risk for multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, might reduce delay to appropriate diagnosis, improve treatment outcomes, and decrease the risk for MDR TB transmission.
Demographic and clinical characteristics that have been associated with increased risk for MDR TB among patients with incident TB are young age, previous TB treatment, and known contact with MDR TB (2,3). In the context of limited access to DST, these risk factors are often incorporated into diagnostic algorithms to help justify use of DST. We hypothesized that information about the location and time at which cases were detected might also improve prediction of MDR TB (35). We analyzed programmatic data collected in Lima, Peru, about TB patients who were receiving DST to assess whether predictive models that include information about time and location could improve prediction of risk for MDR TB.

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