Susceptibility of Poultry to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus

DOI: 10.3201/eid1512.091060
Suggested citation for this article: Swayne DE, Pantin-Jackwood M, Kapczynski D, Spackman E, Suarez DL. Susceptibility of poultry to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Dec; [Epub ahead of print]

Susceptibility of Poultry to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus
To the Editor: During April 2009, cases of acute respiratory disease in humans caused by influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Mexico were reported (1). By August 21, 2009, a total of >182,166 human cases, including 1,799 deaths, had been reported from 177 countries (www.who.int/csr/don/2009_08_21/en/index.html).
The origin of the new virus appears to be a reassortant event of a virus from swine in North America that contained the classic swine, human, and avian influenza genes and a virus of unknown origin that contributed neuraminidase and matrix genes of swine in Europe. On May 2, 2009, the first nonhuman infections were detected in a swine operation in Canada (www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_24/en/index.html).

Historically, human seasonal influenza A viruses have not been reported to infect poultry, but clinical cases of respiratory disease or reduction in egg production have been reported for domestic turkeys after infection with subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 swine influenza viruses and for multiple poultry species with subtype H1N1 avian influenza virus (2–4). The presence of avian and swine influenza virus genes in pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus increases the potential for infection in poultry after exposure to infected humans or swine.

To determine infectivity potential, 3-week-old chickens (Gallus domesticus) (n = 11), 2-week-old domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) (n = 11), 73-week-old reproductively active turkey hens (Meleagris gallopavo) (n = 9), 3-week-old turkey poults (n = 11), and 5-week-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) (n = 11) were intranasally inoculated with 106 mean chicken embryo infectious doses of A/Mexico/4108/2009(H1N1). Five uninfected chickens, ducks, turkey poults, and quail, and 3 uninfected turkey hens were contact exposed to intranasally...

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